什么是间质性膀胱炎?

Interstitial cystitis (IC) is an inflamed or irritated bladder wall. It can lead to scarring and stiffening of the bladder. The bladder can’t hold as much urine as it did in the past. 这是一种慢性疾病. IC也可称为:

• 膀胱疼痛综合征

• Frequency-urgency-dysuria综合症

什么原因导致间质性膀胱炎?

The cause of interstitial cystitis (IC) is unknown. 研究ers are looking at many theories to understand the causes of IC and find the best treatments.

Most people with IC find that certain foods make their symptoms worse. 这些包括:

• 柑橘类水果

• 西红柿

• 巧克力

• 咖啡

• 富含钾的食物

• 酒精饮料

• 含咖啡因的饮料

• 辛辣的食物

• 一些碳酸饮料

What are the symptoms of interstitial cystitis?

These are the most common symptoms of interstitial cystitis (IC):

• 尿频

• 尿急

• 压力感, 疼痛, 膀胱周围有压痛, 骨盆, and the area between the anus and vagina or anus and scrotum (perineum)

• 性交时疼痛

• In men, discomfort or 疼痛 in the penis and scrotum

• In women, symptoms may worsen around their period

Stress may also make symptoms worse, but stress does not cause symptoms.

The symptoms of IC may look like other conditions or medical problems. Always talk with a healthcare provider for a diagnosis.

如何诊断间质性膀胱炎?

没有单一的测试可以诊断IC. And symptoms of IC are a lot like those of other urinary disorders. For these reasons, a variety of tests may be needed to rule out other problems. Your healthcare provider will start by reviewing your medical history and doing a physical exam. 其他测试可能包括:

• 验尿. Lab testing of urine to look for certain cells and chemicals. This includes red and white blood cells, germs, or too much protein.

• 尿液培养和细胞学检查. Collecting and checking urine for white blood cells and bacteria. Also, if present, what kind of bacteria there are in the urine.

• 膀胱镜检查. 一个瘦, 柔性管和观看装置, is put in through the urethra to examine the bladder and other parts of the urinary tract. This checks for structural changes or blockages.

• 膀胱壁活检. A test in which tissue samples are removed from the bladder (with a needle or during surgery) and checked under a microscope to see if cancer or other abnormal cells are present.

• 前列腺分泌物实验室检查(男性). This is done to look for inflammation and/or infection of the prostate.

间质性膀胱炎如何治疗?

There is no cure for IC and it can be hard to treat. 治疗的目的是缓解症状, and may include:

• 膀胱扩大. 这种方法可以增加膀胱容量. It also interferes with 疼痛 signals being sent by the nerve cells in the bladder.

• 膀胱冲洗. The bladder is filled with a solution that is held for varying times, 从几秒到15分钟. 然后通过导管排出.

• 医学. 医学 may be taken by mouth or put right into the bladder. There are many different drugs that may be used.

• Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS). Mild, electric pulses enter the body for minutes to hours, 2 or more times a day. The pulses are sent through wires placed on the lower back, or through special devices put into the vagina in women or into the rectum in men. For some people, TENS eases bladder 疼痛 and urinary frequency and urgency.

• 膀胱训练. You urinate at specific times and use relaxation techniques and distractions to help keep to the schedule. Over time, you try to lengthen the time between the scheduled voids.

• 手术. 手术 to remove all or part of the bladder may be done in severe cases, 如果其他治疗方法不起作用.

IC管理还可以包括:

• 饮食的变化. 没有证据表明饮食与IC有关, 但有些人认为酒精, 西红柿, 香料, 巧克力, 含咖啡因和柑橘类饮料, and high-acid foods may contribute to bladder inflammation. Removing these from the diet may help to decrease some symptoms.

• 不吸烟. Many people with IC find that smoking makes their symptoms worse.

• 锻炼. 锻炼 may help ease symptoms or make them stop for a while.

• 减少压力. 没有证据表明压力会导致IC. But, if a person has IC, stress can make the symptoms worse.

Talk with a healthcare provider with any questions of concerns you may have about this health problem.

间质性膀胱炎要点

• Interstitial cystitis (IC) is an inflamed or irritated bladder wall.

• The cause of IC is unknown and it does not get better with antibiotics.

• Symptoms of IC include changes in urination such as frequency and urgency; pressure, 疼痛, 膀胱周围有压痛, 骨盆, and the area between the anus and vagina or anus and scrotum; and 疼痛 during sex.

• 没有最好的方法来诊断IC. 可能需要进行各种测试. Urine tests will be done and imaging tests may be used to look at the different parts of the urinary tract and make sure everything is normal. Tissue samples may be removed from the bladder (with a needle or during surgery) and examined under a microscope to see if cancer or other abnormal cells are present.

• 治疗的目的是缓解症状. A variety of procedures, medicines, and lifestyle changes may be advised.