儿童人工耳蜗植入
专家:
孩子们通过听来学习说、读和写. 听力损失会影响这些区域的发育. When hearing aids don’t help enough, a surgically implanted hearing device called a 人工耳蜗植入 may help children with severe hearing loss receive, process and interpret sounds.
你需要知道的
- Children with severe hearing loss may be candidates for a 人工耳蜗植入 when they are as young as 9 months of age.
- 人工耳蜗放置得越早, 孩子从中受益的机会就越大.
- Cochlear implants are not made in different sizes for children and adults. 随着孩子的成长，人工耳蜗不需要移除, 除非是机械故障, 这很罕见.
哪些儿童从人工耳蜗中获益最多?
A 人工耳蜗植入 may be an option for a child with severe hearing loss that is not helped sufficiently by hearing aids, 哪一种能放大声音并将其通过受损的耳朵. A 人工耳蜗植入 bypasses the damaged ear and directly stimulates the hearing nerve. The nerve sends the electronic signal to the brain, which interprets the signal.
Younger children who struggle with developing spoken language due to hearing loss can especially benefit from 人工耳蜗植入s.
孩子什么时候应该接受人工耳蜗植入?
A child with confirmed severe hearing loss may receive a 人工耳蜗植入 as young as 9 months of age.
研究 from the National Institutes of Health suggests that the first three years of life are especially important regarding speech and language development. 这就是为什么, 当一个婴儿被诊断患有严重的听力损失时, 家庭和护理小组应考虑人工耳蜗植入.
对于听力受损的大龄儿童也是如此. 通过人工耳蜗恢复的听力就越快, the sooner they can resume interacting with their environment and learning with all their senses.
儿童人工耳蜗植入:约翰霍普金斯人工耳蜗植入中心
儿童人工耳蜗手术
Placing a 人工耳蜗植入 in a child’s ear is the same procedure as adult 人工耳蜗手术.
当孩子在全身麻醉下睡着时:
- 外科医生在耳后做一个小切口, 同时仔细观察面部神经, 在乳突骨上开一个口，通向内耳.
- 人工耳蜗的电极被放置在耳蜗内.
- 接收器/刺激器固定在皮肤下的颅骨上.
- The surgery team closes the incision and the child is moved to recovery and observed for several hours before being released to go home.
手术后四周, the child returns to the doctor to get the external sound processor and to have the 人工耳蜗植入 activated. The child will return for routine audiological visits for programming adjustments to optimize the ability to understand speech sounds.
这个过程是安全的，但也有一些风险, 比如手术部位周围麻木, 耳鸣(耳鸣)和平衡问题，可能是暂时的，也可能是持续的.
耳蜗植入儿童的耳痛和脑膜炎
根据 U.S. 疾病控制和预防中心, children with 人工耳蜗植入s may be more vulnerable to certain types of 细菌性脑膜炎一种危险的感染.
Parents and caregivers should ensure the child gets meningitis shots and all other vaccines for infectious diseases as soon as the child is eligible. Older children receiving 人工耳蜗植入s should be up to date on all their vaccines before surgery.
耳部感染 are very common in children, and kids with 人工耳蜗植入s can be treated with antibiotics. The child’s doctor may recommend placement of ear tubes to help prevent repeated infections. 耳管也被认为是安全的. 及时治疗至关重要, 因为普通的耳痛会增加并发症的风险, 包括脑膜炎, 给植入人工耳蜗的孩子.
如果孩子耳朵疼, fever, 食欲减退或其他感染迹象, 应该马上联系医生, 孩子应该确保完成抗生素疗程.
What type of hearing improvement can a child expect after a 人工耳蜗植入?
Children receiving a 人工耳蜗植入 can learn to hear and identify both loud and soft sounds, 区分声音, 倾听和欣赏音乐.
Several factors influence a child’s development of listening and spoken language with a 人工耳蜗植入:
- 手术时的年龄(越年轻越好)
- 术前有听力和语言方面的经验
- Frequency of use (the external equipment must be worn 100% of waking hours)
- 持续的康复治疗和语言丰富的家庭环境
约翰霍普金斯人工耳蜗中心
The 人工耳蜗中心 offers a comprehensive approach to 人工耳蜗植入ation and rehabilitation, including one-on-one therapy to help patients learn to use 人工耳蜗植入s. We perform hundreds of 人工耳蜗植入 surgeries each year on adults and children, 领导临床试验并提供最先进的护理.
随访对儿童人工耳蜗植入的成功至关重要
Equally important to a good 人工耳蜗手术 is the care provided after surgery. Success requires a long-term commitment from the family and the child to learn the new way of listening through a 人工耳蜗植入.
The family should seek a comprehensive 人工耳蜗植入 program that combines specialists in surgery, audiology and rehabilitation/listening therapy who collaborate with the child’s education professionals.
A child with a 人工耳蜗植入 has ongoing needs to consult with the care team, including:
- 常规的 评估和规划 by the audiologist so that the 人工耳蜗植入 can be adjusted to optimize the child’s progress
- 治疗康复/听 帮助儿童利用人工耳蜗发挥潜能. This is particularly important for young children who are catching up in their development of listening and speaking skills. Cochlear implant rehabilitation/listening therapy focuses on teaching the child to identify and associate meaning with unfamiliar sounds. 这有助于培养口语技能.
- 每周的小 听力治疗课程 with specialists in listening and spoken language teach parents and caregivers how to effectively communicate with the child at each stage of auditory development.
Listening therapy for children begins shortly after the implant is activated. 一个典型的时间表是每周一小时.
伴随着人工耳蜗长大
Children with 人工耳蜗植入s can enjoy most of the activities that make childhood fun and exciting. Waterproof cases allow the children to hear with the 人工耳蜗植入 while swimming. Kids should wear high-quality helmets when bike riding or playing vigorous sports that have a risk of impact to the head.
Every person with a 人工耳蜗植入 needs to take precautions related to:
- 头部外伤
- 静电放电
- 脑膜炎
- 磁共振成像
